[140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Joseph! [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. Brigham Young University. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. [37] He became the oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. . [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . In the appendix, Twain describes Young as a theocratic "absolute monarch" defying the will of the U.S. government, and alleges using a dubious source that Young had ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. According to William Hayden, Young participated in the Bucksville Forensic and Oratorical Society. They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. 1940 Creator. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. The proclamation is very clear: . [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. . After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. Joe . The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. The Beehive House and the Lion House remain as prominent Salt Lake City landmarks. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. Of these, 20 percent were 40 or younger. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. [183][184][185], Brigham Young appears at the end of the bande dessine Le Fil qui chante, the last in the Lucky Luke series by Ren Goscinny. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. Miller was arrested, but released when it was discovered he was not Brigham Young. [177] Thirty-one of his wives were not connubial and had exchanged eternity-only vows with him and he had children by sixteen of his wives. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. As stated, Sydney Rigdon believed he was the next prophet. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. If only they wanted it. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. He also helped to convince Hyrum to accept polygamy. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. [68] With the repealing of Nauvoo's charter in January 1845, church members in Nauvoo lost their courts, police, and militia, leaving them vulnerable to attacks by mobs. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. Conditions Governing Use Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. This blog is for preview purposes only and all music downloaded should be deleted within 24 hours. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. [74] Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now recognized as Pioneer Day in Utah. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). [98], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. Buchanan later pardoned Young. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. It is alarming to see how intensely and openly the family is under attack in contemporary society. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. You must not meddle with them. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. 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