That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Federalism can create oppositional competition. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB It is also promotes regional inequalities. The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. Register or login to make commenting easier. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. 7. Because the U.S. provides some of the power to the states, it creates efficiencies in the governing system because delegation is possible. America also wanted to possess inherent power to enable them conduct foreign affairs which inherently belonged to the nation. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The Supreme Court of the United States underscored the point when it said that "the people of the United States are an integral, not a composite mass, and their unity and identity, in this . This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. Federalism provides a structure that diffuses governmental power . Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Federalism can create uncertainty. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. Federalism does not get good press in Australia. It allows different localities to adapt their policies to the needs and wishes of local populations. Dispersing of government power between the state and the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government. Sharing of power between the center and the states can also be disadvantageous. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The Benefits of Federalism. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. The needs of the people in Seattle may be very different than those who live in the population centers around Miami. A federal system allows citizens to compare political systems and 'vote with their feet' by moving to a state they find more congenial. There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. John Paden, George Mason University: Federalism in Nigeria. Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. This process can create positive or negative results. This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Each state has the same level of self-governance. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. 6. 3 What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? Possess power would probably give them the voice to air out their grievances. As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. There can be a rebellion by a regional government against the national government too. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Both scenarios pose a threat to the countries integrity. house of representatives and the Senate). Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. 7. This seemed to be the default option given its heterogeneous nature. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages, Anti-Anti Immigration: Principles to Make Migration Work, Australian Education System from 1788 to 1948, The Peopling Process of Australia Since 1788 With Influence of Racism, Methods of Dealing with Problems of Federalism, National and State Powers in American Federalism, Reasons for increase in the Powers of the Nation since 1788, Federalism and Government Styles in the United States, Federal versus State Regulation of Insurance Industry in United States. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). 1. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Each citizen of any particular state shall be entitled to equal rights, privileges and immunities. If the policy proves to be beneficial, then it can be expanded to be used nationwide. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Even the European Union is an example of federalism. People feel close to their communities. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Rights of the minorities are protected too. The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. By diffusing power to multiple branches of office, like the U.S. does with the executive, legislative, and judicial segments, it becomes more challenging for one division to take over the country. History of federal system of government in nigeria. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. Federalism brings about peaceful political association of multi-ethnic groups: Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Equitable development and growth of the nation. Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. 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