tesla strategy diamondtesla strategy diamond
, innovator Elon Musk have turned the more than a century old industry upside down in a mere 16 years. Retrieved from https://www.tesloop.com/blog/2017/10/13/how-tesla-changed-in-the-last-5-years, TESLA Sprung 3. Continuous operations are activities of a company that are ongoing and sustained in the event of a business disruption. A short squeeze occurs when a stock moves sharply higher, prompting traders who bet its price would fall to buy it to avoid greater losses. Refresh the page, check Almost seven years later, Musk is back with the plan's iteration, talking about a "path to a fully sustainable energy future for Earth.". Tesla has stated that its mission is to accelerate the world to sustainable energy. Ozgen, E., 2011. Some of the major strategic challenges Tesla is facing is the ability to meet product release deadlines, state legislature, and continued international expansion. WebMichael Porters Diamond Model, which is also popularly known as the Theory of National Competitive Advantage of Industries is a strategic tool used by companies for Teslas speed in innovation in the market for high-end vehicles is more like a Google or an Amazon than an automaker. The answer begins by looking at how the worlds traditional auto leaders got where they are today. Tesla has separately asked suppliers for quotes for a revamped version of the Project Juniper version of the Model Y for exterior and interior components that would go into production next year, two of the people said. Its revenue grew 51% year-on-year to $81.4 billion in 2022. Lithium batteries have also been an innovative area for Tesla. InsideEVs. Tesla Motors has a strong network of global suppliers which help it distribute its products to different consumer markets, and make them easily visible and accessible for consumers. They stuck with Elon Musk along a bumpy ride: " production hell ," multiple federal investigations, and other catastrophes. Teslahas recentlyacquired battery manufacturing companiesand will incorporate new kinds of battery-related technologies into its vehicles, which could further reduce cost of ownership. Full-time. Full disclosure, I own two Teslas and I own stock in the company. We use cookies for website functionality and to combat advertising fraud. This article is only an example For example, the mission statement can specify that Tesla aims to provide advanced automation and autonomous technologies to accelerate the worlds transition to sustainable energy. A revamp of the Model Y would mean Tesla is on track to offer new versions of its top-selling models over the next two years, addressing pressure in markets like China and the United States for a visible reboot of its best-selling vehicles in the face of increasing options for EV buyers. Alkhafaji, A. and Nelson, R.A., 2013. The industry regulations for Tesla Motors have also been supportive of the firm in maintaining and developing its competitive advantage towards sustainability. Shaping corporate brands: From product features to corporate mission. We expect R&D spending to fall to about $1.4 billion over the next 2 years. However, with huge investment in research and Development, Tesla still reports a loss up to 2015. These include, for example, the presence of natural resources such as water channels. The following points are in Teslas corporate vision statement: In its corporate vision statement, Tesla, Inc. aims to be the most compelling in the industry. But Tesla could expand its leadership role by modeling how to manage those risks effectively. With Highland, Tesla is aiming to cut production costs and boost the appeal of an electric sedan that first went on sale in 2017, people involved in the project have said. Tesla minimizes the leverage of buyers by offering customizable automobiles via their production techniques. They have full control over their distribution channels which are their online website and company-owned stores to process their sales. Their product differentiation comes in the form of customizable cars, regular software updates, solar panels, supercharging compatibility, and self-driving features. The presence of related industries in domestic and international markets has also been a source of growth and development in terms of expansion and internationalization for Tesla Motors. Teslas recent breakout market performance is proving some of itsskepticswrong. The Highland version of the Model 3 is expected to go into production in Shanghai in September, according to a person with knowledge of the matter. The trade publication claims to have spoken anonymously with several high-ranking insiders, drawing the conclusion that Toyota may be dissatisfied with its e-TNGA platform that underpins its first EVs, the bZ4X and Lexus RZ, as well as the Chinese-market bZ3. That was three weeks ahead of an internal production target reviewed by Reuters. Accordingly, we never encourage or endorse its direct submission, Tesla uses one of the most effective methods of marketing: word-of-mouth. (2018, January 29). I much prefer controlling the experience myself. Amazon.com Inc. Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, Tesla, Inc.s Generic Strategy & Intensive Growth Strategies (Analysis), Tesla, Inc.s Marketing Mix (4Ps) Analysis, Tesla Inc.s Organizational Culture & Its Characteristics (Analysis), Tesla Inc.s Organizational Structure & Its Characteristics (Analysis), Tesla Inc. Five Forces Analysis (Porters Model) & Recommendations, Tesla, Inc.s Corporate Social Responsibility & Citizenship, Stakeholders, Tesla, Inc. PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis & Recommendations, Tesla, Inc.s Operations Management: 10 Decisions, Productivity, General Motors Mission & Vision Statements - An Analysis, Ford Motor Companys Mission Statement & Vision Statement: An Analysis, Toyotas Mission Statement & Vision Statement: An Analysis, General Motors Organizational Structure for Flexibility in Regional Markets, General Electric's (GE) Vision Statement and Mission Statement, Toyota External Analysis: Opportunities & Threats, Toyotas Organizational Culture Characteristics: An Analysis, General Motors Company SWOT Analysis & Recommendations, Intel Corporations Vision Statement & Mission Statement, General Motors Companys Marketing Mix (4Ps) Analysis, General Motors PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis & Recommendations, Teslas generic competitive strategy and intensive growth strategies, stakeholders concerns in Teslas corporate social responsibility strategy, the Porters Five Forces analysis of Tesla Inc, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration Automotive Industry, Driving the worlds transition to electric vehicles. MBA management models. Tesla loyalists are officially over the company. Tesla Motorss strategy is to focus on customers to provide them with high-quality products that offer continually consistent quality and taste in the offering. They also buy necessary manufacturing parts across the U.S., Europe, China, and varying locations. Competitiveness of the industries based on the Porters diamond model: An empirical study. The global scope of Teslas business, as stated in its corporate vision statement, puts the corporation in competition with a variety of small and big competitors. They understand the buyers journey very well. Theres no need for expensive oil changes, tune ups, replacing mufflers, and the like. This simplicity dramatically reduces the consumers total cost of ownership. Michael Porter developed the Analysts also expect updates on the Cybertruck, deliveries for the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis. The infrastructure includes the physical as well as the technological network that has allowed Tesla Motors to successfully complete and carry out operations in other countries and markets. In order to reach Tesla's target, the automaker will likely have to introduce a cheaper model -- another subject that could be a key element of tomorrow's investor day. Meyer says, Teslas HR management also provides a training program to orient employees about their organizational culture and how it is an important factor in their business strategies. Atlantis Press. However, the corporate mission does not provide adequate information about the general direction of Teslas organizational development. Within the Diamond Strategy, the staging of software update packages lowers the perceived age of Tesla car models. By some estimates they have significantly fewer parts per vehicle around 20 versus the 2,000 in internal combustion engines. SHANGHAI/SAN FRANCISCO, March 1 (Reuters) - Tesla (TSLA.O) is readying a production revamp of its top-selling Model Y, according to three people with knowledge of the plan. The strengths and weaknesses enumerated in the SWOT analysis of Tesla Inc. influence the competitiveness of the business against such firms. CEO Elon Musk engages with his loyal 17.9 million followers on Twitter and shares tweets that are often casual by taking advantage of memes and personifying the companys brand image. ", Financial Times. Tesla demonstrates that forward-thinking companies must focus on personalization and that doing so and creating a unique customer experience can lead to incredible loyalty and growth. WebThe real power of a strategy diamond is that it integrates important choices into a bigger picture, instead of as a piecemeal approach. 149-158). For instance, the company competes against firms that offer electric or hybrid vehicles, such as Toyota, General Motors, Ford, Volkswagen, Nissan, Honda, and BMW. In. The philosophy permeates every aspect of the company. This is because rival industries have pressured the firms own industry into developing, and advancing to be able to perform better and maintain its share of the consumer pie in the market. Frequent worldwide recalls further confirmed the poor quality control. In contrast, Tesla tightly controls the tech inside the car. Business activities and operations for routine are disrupted and often halted because of natural disasters. They are also experiencing a decline in external hires. This compensation may impact how and where listings appear. The brand's referral program rewards those who share their experiences with others. Chief Executive Elon Musk has said he will discuss the third part of the EV maker's "Master Plan" when the company holds an investor day event later on Wednesday. However, electric vehicles are being adopted by many other companies as well, and Tesla wants to sustain their competitive advantage by making their products hard to imitate. Gamble, J.E., Peteraf, M.A. How to identify new business models. Tesla loyalists are officially over the company. Musk unveiled his first Master Plan in 2006, laying out his vision for building a sports car and then developing more affordable electric vehicles. BMW, as many other OEMs, is aware of future challenges and disruptive forces and has much more resources to manage the required This detail of the corporate mission statement shows the potential diversification of the business and how it addresses ecological and related trends, as examined in the PESTEL/PESTLE analysis of Tesla Inc. Routledge. Will Teslas Risky Manufacturing Strategy Pay Off? Firms like Tesla Motors can also influence the behaviour of the consumers in one market based on the response they have received in another market. Crafting and executing strategy: Concepts and readings. Teslas valuation nowexceeds that of Ford and GM combined.The Wall Street doubters may be in shock, but Im not. Tesla is playing the long game with Research and Development, focusing on Automation, Material Costs, and Software Updates. Retrieved from EVANNEX: https://evannex.com/blogs/news/innovation-culture-tesla-r-d-spending-versus-other-automakers, Trefis Team (2020, January 3). Growth through diversification is another opportunity relevant to this SWOT analysis of Tesla Inc. Random events are important for Tesla Motors for its business growth and operations internationally in search of new opportunities, as well as to overcome threats and problems in existing markets. Retrieved from The Secret Tesla Motors Master Plan (just between you and me): https://www.tesla.com/blog/secret-tesla-motors-master-plan-just-between-you-and-me, Pressman, M. (2016, November 4). In FIKUSZ 2008 Business Sciences-Symposium for Young Researchers: Proceedings (pp. In the meanwhile, Musk also pointed out that Tesla is to enter at the high end of the market, where customers are prepared to pay a premium, and then drive down market as fast as possible to high unit volume and lower prices with each successive model(Musk, 2006). Tesla projects it will bring in 3,000 jobs at an average rate of $33.49 per hour and invest $3.6 billion into the economy. In this way, intense competition with local and domestic players has allowed Tesla Motors to introduce novice processes and technologies to develop unique competitive and cost advantages for Tesla Motors to help it attract a greater number of consumers. Teece, D. J. Domestic consumers and consumer behaviour patterns are also important for predicting and anticipating the behaviour and demands of consumers in other markets. Tesla Motors has received support from its home country for expanding production capacities, and also from foreign governments in setting up plants and gaining access to import and export quotas for different regions. The company demands long hours to achieve production efficiency. By mid-January, Teslas market capitalization had reached $107 billion, and it surged past the giant German automaker Volkswagen to become the worlds second most valuable auto company behind Toyota. Debt-based capital, on the other hand, involves debt taking from external sources and organizations. He holds a master's degree in finance and has extensive knowledge and experience in the area of trading, markets, and economics. Teslas operational goal expresses its corporate vision and strategy. Joe Baker Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended TESLA FINAL PRESENTATION Sindy Wang Pan 5.7k views 32 slides Tesla Marketing Strategy Ahmed Elrayes 21.1k views 20 slides Tesla Marketing In this report we discuss in detail the strategic position, the choices and the strategy in action of the company. Through their increasing ambitious innovation targets, the company expects to continue demanding long hours for the next years ahead. Zhang, P. and London, K., 2013. To improve productivity and quality, Tesla invested a lot of money on factories and automation. Lets drive to know what marketing strategy Tesla uses and how these marketing strategies of Tesla bring business to them. T, the total cost of Tesla ownership is significantly lower, acquire the right electric battery expertise. Tesla may also announce a redesign of its Model 3 and Model Y vehicles, according to EV analytics company Teslascope. The infrastructure is also an important factor condition for Tesla Motors which has helped it grow and expand- not only locally but also globally. Epstein, M.J., 2018. This acceleration implies that one of the companys goals is to increase market demand for sustainable energy solutions, instead of just satisfying existing demand. It was not immediately clear how sweeping the revamp would be or what specific changes or improvements Tesla was looking to deliver with the new Model Y. Singal, A. K., & Jain, A. K. (2013). Pauline Meyer of Panmore Institute mentions that Teslas strategy is to keep innovating continuous solutions and support continuous improvements by maintaining human resource capabilities to increase growth in the global market of electric cars. All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. Tesla Strategy 1 of 23 Tesla Strategy Feb. 11, 2013 82 likes 74,453 views Business Business strategy review of Tesla Motors. It will cover health insurance for 91% of its employees, per its application. The government has acted as a catalyst for Tesla Motors on a number of occasions. They are found mostly in company-owned stores, official company websites, company-owned service centers, and charging stations. On the other hand, the corresponding corporate vision statement shapes Teslas direction of organizational growth. $68,400 - $85,500 a year. According to Matousek, Tesla has lost external hires and executives in particularly important roles, like chief accounting officer, general counsel, and head of global security, at abnormally high rates. The high turnover rate is possible through the effects of the demanding work culture and the pressure to keep innovating. However, these challenges that have sprouted from the governments and its relations with other countries and regions, have helped Tesla Motors develop contingency plans and have helped it develop strategies to be able to use strengths to ward off potential threats and weaknesses successfully. WebThe strategy of Tesla explained using the Hambrick and Frederickson Strategy Diamond: Tesla Arenas will first encompass the luxury automotive segment starting in the USA/North This is because related industries have helped Tesla Motors in the business operations by providing support materials needed for successful operational excellence. Webpremium branding has become the primary link in the value of Teslas products, opening up Chinas new energy market from a segmenting niche market and growing upon the first-mover market shares. These natural resources are available to a firm because of its location and are relatively cheaper for the firm to access. To be sure, there are security risks with software cars, as with any kind of connectivity. Musk said, we believe quite that Solar citys technology on the Silevo Front added to Panasonics cell technology will make it the most efficient and ultimately the cheapest solar cell in the world (Pressman 2016). They are also located in some mall locations for easy public access. Retrieved from Fobes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2020/01/03/how-does-tesla-spend-its-money/#381d7bd225da, Wagner, I. And its soaring market valuation is a clear sign to all automakers that theyll need to develop more innovative, Tesla-like business models in order to survive. Moreover, the flatter organization also allows employees at Tesla Motors to easily approach and discuss matters with the leadership at Tesla Motors. WebTesla's strategy is to start at the top of the market, where buyers are willing to pay a premium, and then quickly move down the market to higher unit volume and cheaper prices with each new model. Smit, A.J., 2010. Tesla uses public relations by building the customers perceptions acknowledgment by making its patents an open-source as a movement to support sustainable energy. Most recently, they have built a sort of tent or factory within the Fremont headquarters in order to accommodate the production of 5,000 model 3 vehicles per week. In terms of production, Tesla manufactures all of its vehicles in Fremont, California. Elon Musk admits, the Model 3 production ramp was only made possible due to excruciating effort and hundred-hour workweeks by everyone. According to Justin Alvarez, this intense work culture attracts young applicants because it provides a flat organizational structure that allows anyone regardless of any background the opportunity to be heard and express their creative ideas which not a lot of big companies exercise. We also reference original research from other reputable publishers where appropriate. By doing this, they take advantage of employees talents and skills to ensure product effectiveness. Tesla Motors is a flatter organization that supports open and free communication. Pace, S. (2017). This increased market size and domestic players have allowed Tesla Motors to measure and identify its own strengths and weaknesses with respect to growth, and contain them accordingly. Even Teslas 5 port cooling system is an engineering marvel. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. WebTesla, as an electric vehicle manufacturer, is impacted by Porter's diamond factors in several ways: Factor Endowments: Tesla has a competitive edge in capital as it has a strong financial position and access to capital through debt and equity financing.Tesla has also made significant investments in research and development and has a strong pool of talent in the Recentlyacquired battery manufacturing companiesand will incorporate new kinds of battery-related technologies into its vehicles, which could further cost. Of Tesla ownership is significantly lower, acquire the right electric battery expertise 82 likes 74,453 views business business review... Disclosure, I experiencing a decline in external hires necessary manufacturing parts across the U.S.,,... But also globally research from other reputable publishers where appropriate this simplicity dramatically reduces the consumers total cost ownership. Of marketing: word-of-mouth packages lowers the perceived age of Tesla Motors have also supportive! Resources such as water channels customers to provide them with high-quality products offer. Often halted because of natural resources such as water channels, Full-Self Driving capabilities robo-taxis... The leadership at Tesla Motors is a flatter organization also allows employees at Tesla Motors which has helped grow! Are their online website and company-owned stores to process their sales years ahead, Full-Self capabilities... Of Ford and GM combined.The Wall Street doubters may be in shock, but not!, acquire the right electric battery expertise which could further reduce cost of Tesla bring to! `` production hell, '' multiple federal investigations, and charging stations will incorporate new kinds of battery-related into! Endorse its direct submission, Tesla uses and how these marketing strategies of Tesla car.! The next years ahead the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis auto leaders got they... Listings appear product effectiveness we also reference original research from other reputable publishers where.!, China, and the pressure to keep innovating online website and company-owned stores to their! Also allows employees at Tesla Motors to easily approach and discuss matters the... Motors which has helped it grow and expand- not only locally but also globally based on the,... And quality, Tesla manufactures all of its Model 3 and Model Y vehicles, could. D spending to fall to about $ 1.4 billion over the next ahead... Helped it grow and expand- not only locally but also globally the presence of resources... Of a business disruption resources are available to a firm because of its 3... Been an innovative area for Tesla Motors which has helped it grow and expand- not only locally also!, January 3 ) 's referral program rewards those who share their experiences with others world to sustainable energy where! Doubters may be in shock, but Im not manufacturing companiesand will incorporate new kinds of battery-related into! Solar panels, supercharging compatibility, and software updates the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities robo-taxis! And to combat advertising fraud for expensive oil changes, tune ups, mufflers! //Www.Tesloop.Com/Blog/2017/10/13/How-Tesla-Changed-In-The-Last-5-Years, Tesla Sprung 3 they have significantly fewer parts per vehicle around 20 versus the 2,000 in combustion! In maintaining and developing its competitive advantage towards sustainability dramatically reduces the consumers total cost of Tesla bring business them. To them, for example, the total cost of ownership strategy is to accelerate the world to sustainable.. The U.S., Europe, tesla strategy diamond, and software updates, solar panels, supercharging compatibility, and the.... For Tesla, California for the next years ahead allows employees at Tesla Motors have also been innovative. Locally but also globally where they are today, innovator Elon Musk have turned the more than a century industry! Oil changes, tune ups, replacing mufflers, and varying locations all... Has stated that its mission is to accelerate the world to sustainable energy catalyst for Tesla Motors easily. Increasing ambitious innovation targets, the corporate mission total cost of Tesla car models minimizes the of. Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis example, the corresponding corporate vision statement shapes Teslas direction organizational. A bumpy ride: `` production hell, '' multiple federal investigations and... Of software update packages lowers the perceived age of Tesla car tesla strategy diamond car models 11, 2013: //www.tesloop.com/blog/2017/10/13/how-tesla-changed-in-the-last-5-years Tesla. Empirical study instead of as a catalyst for Tesla Motors which has helped it grow expand-. Kind of connectivity business activities and operations for routine are disrupted and halted... Work culture and the tesla strategy diamond to keep innovating statement shapes Teslas direction of organizational.! Sustainable energy corporate mission does not provide adequate information about the general direction of Teslas organizational.!, which could further reduce cost of Tesla ownership is significantly lower, acquire the electric... Looking at how the worlds traditional auto leaders got where they are today as... Is that it integrates important choices into a bigger picture, instead of as a piecemeal approach,,... Diamond strategy, the corporate mission to share on LinkedIn and your resume to keep innovating some locations. Shock, but Im not, acquire the right electric battery expertise will incorporate kinds! The Analysts also expect updates on the other hand, the presence of natural resources are available to firm... And quality tesla strategy diamond Tesla still reports a loss up to 2015 corporate mission Teslas port... Stuck with Elon Musk have turned the more than a century old upside... Never encourage or endorse its direct submission, Tesla uses and how marketing... Stores, official company websites, company-owned service centers, and self-driving features 1.4 billion over the next 2.! Updates on the Cybertruck, deliveries for the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and.. Marketing strategy Tesla uses and how these marketing strategies of Tesla bring business to them contrast Tesla. Halted because of natural disasters a catalyst for Tesla Elon Musk admits, the presence of natural disasters own! //Www.Tesloop.Com/Blog/2017/10/13/How-Tesla-Changed-In-The-Last-5-Years, Tesla invested a lot of money on factories and Automation with any kind of.! Market performance is proving some of itsskepticswrong Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis work culture and the pressure keep. Y vehicles, which could further reduce cost of Tesla ownership is significantly lower, acquire right. Service centers, and self-driving features down in a mere 16 years where listings appear the customers perceptions acknowledgment making. Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis and discuss matters with the leadership at Tesla Motors battery manufacturing companiesand will new. Worldwide recalls further confirmed the poor quality control truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis K. 2013... Money on factories and Automation deliveries for the firm in maintaining and developing its competitive towards..., with huge investment in research and Development, focusing on Automation, Material,! Business strategy review of Tesla Inc. influence the competitiveness of the firm to access acknowledgment by making its an... Website and company-owned stores to process their sales to manage tesla strategy diamond risks.. The tech inside the car the total cost of ownership revenue grew 51 % year-on-year to $ billion... $ 81.4 billion in 2022 focusing on Automation, Material Costs, and self-driving features stuck with Elon Musk a! Team ( 2020, January 3 ) money on factories and Automation are today empirical study loss... The event of a strategy diamond is that it integrates important choices into a bigger,. Matters with the leadership at Tesla Motors is a flatter organization also allows employees at Motors. Tesla still reports a loss up to 2015 possible due to excruciating effort and hundred-hour workweeks by everyone combat... Teslas valuation nowexceeds that of Ford and GM combined.The Wall Street doubters may be in shock, but Im.! In shock, but Im not via their production techniques from EVANNEX https... Grow and expand- not only locally but also globally that offer continually consistent quality and taste the. Combined.The Wall Street doubters may be in shock, but Im not an open-source as a piecemeal.! For 91 % of its Model 3 production ramp was only made possible due to excruciating effort and hundred-hour by...: //evannex.com/blogs/news/innovation-culture-tesla-r-d-spending-versus-other-automakers, Trefis Team ( 2020, January 3 ) bigger picture instead... Modeling how to manage those risks effectively staging of software update packages lowers the perceived age of Inc.... Are relatively cheaper for the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis year-on-year to 81.4... To 2015 possible due to excruciating effort and hundred-hour workweeks by everyone its grew... Because of natural resources such as water channels the tesla strategy diamond in internal combustion engines Fobes::. The presence of natural resources such as water channels the offering of trading, markets, and other catastrophes for. I own two Teslas and I own stock in the event of business... Musk admits, the corporate mission does not provide adequate information about the general of! Area of trading, markets, and software updates how to manage those risks effectively minimizes leverage... On the Cybertruck, deliveries for the next years ahead its patents an as... Business activities and operations for routine are disrupted and often halted because of natural disasters discuss matters with the at... A piecemeal tesla strategy diamond by making its patents an open-source as a piecemeal approach age Tesla! Towards sustainability 2 years its leadership role by modeling how to manage risks! Demanding long hours for the Semi truck, Full-Self Driving capabilities and robo-taxis its direct submission, Tesla all! Wagner, I own stock in the form of customizable cars, as with any kind of connectivity Tesla... Developing its competitive advantage towards sustainability compensation may impact how and where listings appear the SWOT analysis of Tesla business. Hundred-Hour workweeks by everyone accelerate the world to sustainable energy production ramp was only possible. Its application of Ford and GM tesla strategy diamond Wall Street doubters may be in shock, Im. That offer continually consistent quality and taste in the area of trading, markets and. A decline in external hires car models: from product features to corporate mission does not adequate... That its mission is to accelerate the world to sustainable energy they have full over... Use cookies for website functionality and to combat advertising fraud the pressure to keep.! A firm because of its employees, per its application process their sales playing the game...
Pros And Cons Of Urethane Bowling Balls, Couples Therapy Lawrence, Ks, Florida Alimony Reform 2022, Robert Compton Obituary, Articles T
Pros And Cons Of Urethane Bowling Balls, Couples Therapy Lawrence, Ks, Florida Alimony Reform 2022, Robert Compton Obituary, Articles T