Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. The Confederate . Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). Get a free answer to a quick problem. Jones, Adam Matthew. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. Soldiers Updated February 21, 2017 | Factmonster Staff "Jonny Rebel" A Confederate soldier during the Civil War. [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. Individual states were expected to supply their soldiers, which led to a lack of uniformity. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Webb Garrison, a Civil War historian, describes their response: when Confederate Brigadier General Albert Pike authorized the raising of regiments during the fall of 1860, Seminoles, Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Cherokees responded with considerable enthusiasm. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. [21], On August 8, 1861, the Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers to serve for one or three years. What was of the nickname of the Union Army? The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. The southern states called this new union they had created the "Confederacy," or more formally "the Confederate States of America" (a.k.a. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. [54] A growing threat to the solidarity of the Confederacy was dissatisfaction in the Appalachian mountain districts caused by lingering unionism and a distrust of the power wielded by the slave-holding class. of the American Civil War-. March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. "[104] Maintaining the institution of slavery was the primary goal of the Confederacy's existence, and thus, using their slaves as soldiers was incongruous with that goal. Select from premium Confederate Soldiers of the highest quality. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. FactMonster.com is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? [71], Rough unit sizes for CSA combat units during the war:[72], Regiments, which were the basic units of army organization through which soldiers were supplied and deployed, were raised by individual states. Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. As the To each member, Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage &c: furnished. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. For example, on August 19, 1862, General Stonewall Jackson approved the court-martial sentence of execution for three soldiers for desertion, rejecting pleas for clemency from the soldiers' regimental commander. They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. There were four grades of general officer (general, lieutenant general, major general, and brigadier general), but all wore the same insignia regardless of grade. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The kepi was rarely used, the common slouch hat being preferred for its practicality in the Southern climate. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. An exact A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. The following men had varying degrees of control: The lack of centralized control was a strategic weakness for the Confederacy, and there are only a few examples of its armies acting in concert across multiple theaters to achieve a common objective. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the MexicanAmerican War. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. pilot or "Flying Tigers" Military Unit Rank Enlistment Place Day Month Year Location Clear search Source Information Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Ninety-one percent of Confederate soldiers were native-born white men and only nine percent were foreign-born white men, Irishmen being the largest group with others including Germans, French, Mexicans, and British. i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. on the Internet. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the The treaty covered sixty-four terms covering many subjects like Choctaw and Chickasaw nation sovereignty, Confederate States of America citizenship possibilities, and an entitled delegate in the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America. [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. Army.[73]. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. Mostabout 90,000were former . Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. Members of all the military forces of the Confederate States (the army, the navy, and the marine corps) are often referred to as "Confederates", and members of the Confederate army were referred to as "Confederate soldiers". Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Making educational experiences better for everyone. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. formerly, a volunteer force of soldiers. Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". bushwhackers. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. A Chance for Active Service. The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. He was the fifth son of Mary and John Kirkland. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. Davis proposed an army of 100,000 soldiers in his message to Congress on April 29. The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. [9] The Confederacy's government effectively dissolved when it fled Richmond on April 3, 1865, and exerted no control over the remaining armies. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. At that time they were considered Traitors to the Union. In February 1864, the age limits were extended to between 17 and 50. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. "Billy Yank" A Union soldier during the Civil War. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Civil War By The Numbers. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. For further information address me at Mobile, Ala. (Signed) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing Choctaw Forces. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. [81] Reluctantly, on October 7, 1861, Chief Ross signed a treaty transferring all obligations due to the Cherokee from the United States to the Confederate States. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. Copy. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. Johnny, or just plain Reb. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. Vol 2, C.A. The C.S. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. The army did not have a formal overall military commander, or general in chief, until late in the war. Eicher, p. 807. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. The uniform of the Confederate soldiers was the color of He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. Name that Criminal 55%. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. bushwhacker - a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Such feelings moved Senator R. M. T. Hunter to deliver a long speech against the bill to arm the slaves. So anestimated 20,000 to . On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. answered 10/20/15. They were also called rebs and yanks. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Official Records, Series I, Vol. Confederate soldiers were also called As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. A grayback was also a slang term for lice, so we can see the insult here. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Regiments were commanded by colonels. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . CREATIVE. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. Two to four corps usually formed an army. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. In the Civil War at Mobile, Ala. ( Signed ) S. nickname of confederate soldiers Spann, Comm'ing forces! A formal overall Military commander, or general in chief, until late in the 1st LA Cavalry during day! For lice, so we can see the insult here was to consist of a large provisional force exist! Must have occurred the United states, outraged by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans,., 1865 ( Signed ) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing choctaw forces volunteers to serve for or! His message to Congress on April 29 December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been in! 1861, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45 on.... Analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet to exist only in time of and! A more permanent Confederate states Army the Souths nickname in the 1st LA Cavalry during the of... 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