Murmillo Gladiator Helmet By Nauticalmart Murmillo gladiators were recognizable by their helmets and gear. Others knocked down the immobile gladiators with poles or pitchforks, and, lacking the power to rise, they were left for dead. [Tacitus Annales III. The right to work without parents' permission at sixteen years old: pros and cons. By continuing to use the portal, you agree to receive cookies. However, in a fragment of relief, one of the very few representations of this gladiator to actually show him with a net (from Chester, Cheshire, and now in Saffron Walden Museum), he is holding it in his left hand. Other articles where mirmillo is discussed: gladiator: were generally pitted against the mirmillones, who were armed in Gallic fashion with helmet, sword, and shield and were so called from the name of the fish that served as the crest of their helmet. Renewable energy can cut down on waste. Because the emperor himself was often the host of the games, everything had to run smoothly. He may have succumbed to his injuries afterwards, but he rarely died in front of the audience. Hark at her roaring while she drives home the thrusts shes been taught. It has the ability to connect an unlimited number of people from any location at any time. The combat training was very hard and rough. They were initially created as a gladiator class when the relations between Rome and the Gauls at the time grew more fruitful. Retiarius Weapons: Rete (weighted net), fuscina (trident) Strengths: Agility, ranged attacks Weaknesses: Little to no armour Most likely to win against: Secutor, Murmillo Would struggle against: Samnite, thracian [Source: Tom Mueller, Smithsonian magazine, January 2011], To spectators, the stadium was a microcosm of the empire, and its games a re-enactment of their foundation myths. In addition to their shield and helmet, this gladiator class also wore a manica on their arm, typically made from leather, fabric or metal, it would protect their weapon arm ensuring they would still be able to strike and defend with some protection. The fish fighter had a large shield that covered him from shoulder to calf giving him stout protection but was very heavy. In battle the murmillo would often fight one of two other gladiators, the thraex and the hoplomachus. . An event hosted by Caesar contained 320 separate contests. In Satire VI, Juvenal dismissed female gladiators in the A.D. late 1st century and early 2nd century as upper-class snots seeking excitement and fame. There are two main ways to reduce the size of a PDF file: 1) Compressing the file by removing unnecessary data and/or optimizing the file structure and 2) reducing the resolution of the images used in the document. Proven Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in 216 BC organized in Rome games involving twenty-two pairs of gladiators. Both of these gladiators shared a common trait they were often equipped with Greek weaponry and armour, and thus with the murmillo tooled like a Roman legionary it was a reflection of the battle between Greece and Rome. We know that it was horrible," says Mary Beard, a classical historian at University of Cambridge, but at the same time people were watching myth re-enacted in a way that was vivid, in your face and terribly affecting. The training of the gladiators took place in the ludus (training school). Reduce Dead Stock. During the imperial era there were four famous gladiator schools in Rome: Ludus Magnus (the largest one was built by the emperor Domitian), Ludus Dacicus (founded by Domitian and finished by emperor Trajan), Ludus Gallicus and Ludus Matutinus in which about 2,000 gladiators were trained. The factories and modern devices polluted all of the water, soil, and air to a great extent. Evidence shows that being a gladiators had both advantages and disadvantages. If the gladiator was really death, then the underworld god Charon, a masked priest and the goddess of the funerals and burial Libitina, joined in the arena. Murmillo vs Thraex To balance the disadvantage of a small shield the Thraex would wear padded pants with longer shin guards on both legs and the pattened sleeve on his right arm. All the same, she wouldnt want to be a manafter all, the pleasure we experience is so little in comparison! The retiarii had no defensive armor except a leather protection for the shoulder. At present, the computer is no longer just a calculating device. It was known according to Titus Livius (Livy) that combats of gladiators in Roman Republic held for the first time in 264 BC, but that does not mean they were not organized before this date. All this gladiator had was a net made of rope and a trident. In much later times victories over distant peoples were celebrated with combats in which the weapons and methods of war of the conquered were shown to the people of Rome; thus, after the conquest of Britain essedarii exhibited in the arena the tactics of chariot fighting which Caesar had described several generations before in his Commentaries. His curved helmet looked scary. One of the biggest advantages of Artificial Intelligence is that it can significantly reduce errors and increase accuracy and precision. Some bloody spectacles lasted for months.One bloody circus during Titus's rule lasted for 123 straight days and between 5,000 people and 11,000 were killed. A murmillo gladiator stands victorious in the ampitheatre. From this, it is fair to assume that the secutor was invented at the same time as the retiarius, in order to create an exciting and novel combat; nothing like it can be detected at any earlier point in the historical record. by Carole Raddato. Find out more about co-operatives at getmutual.coop. The mighty murmillo gladiator stands ready for his next battle. The ability to have one-on-one discussions with teachers, in order to better understand and explore subjects. Hence it is assumed that the thraeces had toned and long bodies. If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails.com, please contact me. 2. The final decision was made always by editor during a munus (commemorative duty). In common with most of the categories of gladiator, the torso of the murmillo was, as we have seen, exposed, and he wore the subligaria, the elaborate folded loincloth together with the balteus, the ostentatiously wide belt, often highly decorated. Helmet was egg-shaped and rimless. Label one as "advantages" and the other as "disadvantages" and write all the ideas that come to mind beneath each section. In later times they were called murmillones, perhaps from an ornament on their helmets shaped like a fish (mormyr). The Internet Classics Archive classics.mit.edu ; If there is any historical authenticity at all in this jeering provocation of the heavy-armoured murmillo, it reveals two things; firstly, a clever and realistic tactic by the retiarius to exhaust his opponent by baiting him into excessive movement, and secondly, the net-mans reference to the fish emblem on the helmet, identifying the other gladiator as murmillo, but calling him Gaul. Online courses allow you to be more independent. Advantages. The visor was folded up like the medieval knights helmets. As they were suited to defensive attacks if their foe was to over commit on an attack the powerful murmillo would be able to launch an effective couterstrike with their gladius. Their iconic look is typically the style that most people associated with the brave Roman gladiators. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. Although they kept their citizenship, they had to prescribe their body and soul to lanista, or the owner of the gladiators and training school. But it's still a pain to deal with trying to get it right. The best we can do is to agree that the Roman appetite for watching new and inventive ways of killing was once again being gratified by this innovatory combat. What sense of modesty can you find in a woman wearing a helmet, who runs away from her own gender? Copyright - 2013 - 2021 - Warriors and Legends. If loser survived the fight but sentenced to death by the editor, there was no mercy. The base of the helmet was quite similar to the helmet of the Murmillo. Last modified April 18, 2016. [Source: The World of the Gladiator by Susanna Shadrake \=/], Retiarius stabs SecutorIn a nutshell, the arms and armour of the secutor were the same as those of the murmillo, and only the form of the helmet differed; it was brimless and had only a low, smooth, featureless crest following the curve of the bowl. Connectivity is one of the most fundamental benefits of social media. The retiarius only wore armor on his left side of the body to at least try to block the blows of his opponents. These tough gladiators were lucky enough to wear a chest plate to protect their vital organs. Samnites carried a large oblong shield, a sword or spear, and were protected by visored helmets, greaves on their right leg and a protective sleeve on the right arm. There are a few references to women fighters in the literary sources, and some evidence from inscriptions on monuments. Oil on canvas by the French painter Jean-Lon Grme: Pollice Verso from 19 century. His helmet was designed in order to fight easily against retairius. The editor (sponsor and organizer of the games) had called for a fight with the finger, while the audience wanted to stop this fight and finally editor and audience could agreed to this compromise. legal limits on payments of dividends on shares may not suit an investor-driven business. 8. The mass of the gladiator fans in this moment neglects or approves his presence depending on his previews governmental decisions. They would presumably have been deployed in the intervals between more bloodthirsty parts of the programme, at lunchtime perhaps, to hold the crowds interest and to provide light relief. A number of ancient authors, including Valerius Maximus and Quintillian, assert that he also regularly fought the retiarius. Affected the nature. And everyones seen the battered training post, hacked away by her repeated sword thrusts and bashed by her shield. Think of a classic image of a Roman gladiator in your head, and youre likely thinking of a murmillo gladiator. The increasing lifespan of people: pros and cons. They moved fast and relied on their agility as opposed to the heavily armed Murmilo gladiator. In late 1st century, Nicolaus of Damascus believed they were Etruscans. Metropolitan Museum of Art metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/greek-and-roman-art; |::|, Instead of calf-length greaves, both these types wore leg-protectors that came well above the knee. Samnites were quite popular during the period of Roman Republic. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Fresco of a murmillo and Thracian fighting, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murmillo&oldid=1126796711, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with disputed statements from November 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 08:06. The murmillo was an opponent of Maximus Decimus Meridius during the Mock Gladiator Match. This figure wears a helmet. Under the reign of Emperor Augustus, Samnium became an ally and integral part of the Roman Empire (all Italians had by this point gained Roman citizenship). Even the factories produce useful stuff to the human; it hurts the earth and its eco-system to a great extent. This was made from leather and padded cloth. New York, American Book Company (1901), forumromanum.org \~\; The Private Life of the Romans by Harold Whetstone Johnston, Revised by Mary Johnston, Scott, Foresman and Company (1903, 1932) forumromanum.org |+|; BBC Ancient Rome bbc.co.uk/history/ ; Perseus Project - Tufts University; perseus.tufts.edu ; MIT, Online Library of Liberty, oll.libertyfund.org ; Gutenberg.org gutenberg.org Combat between the murmillo. Made from cold cast bronze, this hand-painted statue a figure wielding a gladius in its right hand and carrying a shield called a parma in its left. Contestants adhered to rules enforced by a referee; if a warrior conceded defeat, typically by raising his left index finger, his fate was decided by the editor, with the vociferous help of the crowd, who shouted Missus! (Dismissal!) at those who had fought bravely, and Iugula, verbera, ure! (Slit his throat, beat, burn!) at those they thought deserved death. In an account of the revolt of Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir in AD21, the crupellarii, heavily armoured Gallic gladiators fought against the Roman legionaries. It also became politically incorrect to persist in naming styles after peoples who had by now been comfortably assimilated into the empire, and granted privileged relationships with Rome. In one well-preserved example, a murmillo named Marcus Atillus, who is credited with one match and one victory, is depicted standing over the defeated figure of Lucius Raecius Felix, a gladiator who is credited with 12 matches and 12 victories. In a true Titan fight in which no winner could be determined, they ended the fight in a draw when both gladiators at the same time throw their weapons and gave up. 4. ANCIENT ROMAN SPORT: BALL GAMES, CHARIOT RACING AND FIXED WRESTLING MATCHES factsanddetails.com ; Murmillos rely on Endurance while Thraex rely on Agility. The two major disadvantages of wind power include initial cost and technology immaturity. This advantage makes it easier to integrate more people into different roles as the scope of a project allows. One of the globalisation effects is that it increases and encourages the interactions between the various regions and populations worldwide. Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization 2022. Often, plumage was attached. Shield and feet are missing. More Choice to Consumers. The helmets, with their fearsome-looking face guards, were extremely heavy but well balanced so they didn't put too much strain on the neck. The armed man of course usually won, but before he had a chance to savor his victory he was stripped of his weapons, which were given to another gladiator, who usually defeated the former victor. This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by the copyright owner. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. The monk was stoned to death but he left an impression on Emperor Honorius who banned the sport. To use this sword effectively was probably second nature for a murmillo, with thrusting actions a primary attack method with a gladius, aiming for the stomach, or even the legs. murmillones) was a type of gladiator during the Roman Imperial age. Warriors had the great advantage because they were already trained to use weapons and they could offer to spectators a more interesting fight compare to laymen. ( CC BY-SA 2.0 ) Last of all, some attention may be drawn to a rather curious type of gladiator called the andabata (which may be translated to mean 'blindfolded gladiator'). ARC-V. As the retiarius advanced, leading with his left shoulder and wielding the trident in his right hand, his shoulder-guard prevented his opponent from striking the vulnerable area of his neck and face. Extremely Canadian betting websites wanted high places to own a person so you can . Renewable energy won't run out. Height 7 cm. ENTERTAINMENT, THEATERS, DRAMA AND SPECTACLES IN ANCIENT ROME factsanddetails.com ; Or, as Beste puts it, The emperor threw this big party, and wanted the catering to go smoothly. Being relatively unencumbered, however, he could move nimbly to inflict a blow from his trident at relatively long range, cast his net over his opponent, and then close in with his short dagger for the face-off. In the period of late Roman Republic, the popularity of gladiator fights rose immensely. 5. Those initially fights were place for execution in which only a few have survived. Listen out for useful language for discussing advantages and disadvantages. Gladiators who were paired against an opponent in the same style were relatively uncommon. Day-to-day incidents and instances can be brought to notice. |+|, Professor Kathleen Coleman of Harvard University wrote for the BBC: The rules were probably specific to different styles of combat. Thracian gladiator was equipped with light armor and this was made easier for him to move faster. The Empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, who attacked Parthia, now part of Iran, but was unable to defeat them. Noelia: So, table tennis, bean bags, board games, video games! novicius) gladiator could also gain a freedom from the editor. In later stage, gladiators were professional fighters at the time of the public combat tournaments in ancient Rome. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Poland. By arming low-status gladiators in the manner of a defeated foe, Romans mocked the Samnites and appropriated martial elements of their culture. Armed with a roman sword and shield, and wearing leg and arm greaves, the look of the iconic murmillo was topped off with the gladiator helmet known as the Cassis Crista. 43] Gladiators with that amount of heavy armour were unknown elsewhere in the Roman empire, but a small figurine found at Versigny, France, fitting the description of a crupellarius, shows a robotic looking gladiator clad almost entirely in plate armour from head to foot. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4948/murmillo-gladiator/. Gladiators were especially afraid of the battles against wild animals. 143 other terms for advantages and disadvantages- words and phrases with similar meaning Crowds 45,000-strong showed up to watch gladiator battles at the Coliseum. 6. The scene of the arena after the end combat of gladiators showing the victory of murmillo. Web. Raddato, Carole. Since cloud computing systems are all internet-based, there is no way to avoid downtime. The thraex, on the other hand, carried a small square shield that covered only his torso, and the hoplomachus carried an even smaller round one. The murmillo-class gladiator was adopted in the early Imperial period to replace the earlier Gallus, named after the warriors of Gaul. Wolfgang Neubauer, Christian Gugl, Markus Scholz, Geert Verhoeven, Immo Trinks, Klaus Locker, Michael Doneus, Timothy Saey & Marc Van Meirvenne, The discovery of the school of gladiators at Carnuntum, Austria. Online courses require good time-management skills. Bryn Mawr Classical Review bmcr.brynmawr.edu; [Source: The World of the Gladiator by Susanna Shadrake \=/], Female gladiators were called gladiatrices, with gladiatrix being the singular form. The Murmillo had a fish shaped helmet, a short sword, and a large shield. profits distributed to shareholders are taxable. Any interruptions and extra meetings from others so you can focus on your work and get it done faster. All other items of equipment remained broadly the same. Roman emperor Nero forced aristocratic womens and men into the arena for his pleasure: Emperor Domitian also organized women fighting by torchlight and another time against dwarfs. Other weapons included pitch forks tied to the ankles, whips, clubs and the cestus, an iron-studded leather thong which could cause death if landed squarely on the temple. Primary research is often more expensive than secondary research because it requires more time and resources to collect the data. Advantages of Wind Energy. GAMES AND SHOWS OF THE ROMAN EMPERORS factsanddetails.com ; While attendants prepared the ritual whips, fire and rods to punish poor or unwilling fighters, the combatants warmed up until the editor gave the signal for the actual battle to begin. Like the theaters, the gladiator schools had also seats for spectators and it was a favorite time for Romans to observe the training of their gladiators. The murmillo was a gladiator that was often matched with many other gladiator types, including the thraex, the hoplomachus and even the retiarius. The Samnite gladiator belonged the people of Samnium or Samnites who were inhabited south-central Apennine Peninsula. Hey, how about a trampoline? Even the poorest beggar could feel lord of life and death in these few little moments as he waved his handkerchief for his losing favorite. Murmillo Gladiator. Did All Gladiator Combats Result in Death? A grotesque development of secutor helmet used by andabata gladiator. During the eventsgladiators fought against the animals or between themselves. Eventually, other gladiator types joined the roster, such as the murmillo and the Thraex. It can handle trillions of instructions per second which is really incredible. The schools of gladiators were virtually controlled by the emperor, because it would be too dangerous for empire to leave paramilitary troops in the hands of a private person. On the dominant arm a manica was worn. United Nations of Roma Victrix (UNRV) History unrv.com. Group fighting was harder for referees and for the spectators to observe down the scuffle. The tower shield gave him an edge in defence and the gladius enabled him to thrust and swing at his enemies when in close range. Lions usually defeated tigers. In depictions of paegniarii, they do not wear armour, and carry non-lethal weapons, like whips and sticks. They carried a curved sword. A gladiator is an armed fighter who entertained audiences in the Roman Empire by fighting against other gladiators, wild animals, and criminals. The thickness of the sheet bronze was an important factor in determining the weight of the shieldtoo thick, and its defensive qualities would be negated by its unwieldiness. The last one was recorded in A.D. 404. Murmillo. Combat between the murmillo ('fish-fighter', so called from the logo on his helmet) and the thraex or hoplomachus was a standard favourite. About a dozen different weapons were used, some of which were based on weapons used on the battlefields against the Roman legions by their different enemies. Because of the size of their large rectangular scutum shield, the murmillo was often a patient fighter. World History Encyclopedia, 18 Apr 2016. No battle in the amphitheater was easy but Gaius knew this one would be simple, he had seen this other gladiator fight last month. your financial affairs are public. As the Gauls inhabiting Italy had become well integrated with the Romans by the time of the reign of Augustus, it became undesirable to portray them as enemy outsiders;[dubious discuss] the Gallus-class gladiator thus had to be retired. The Gallic flanks were driven in. Their strength would make it easier to manouver the shield in position to defend themselves while striking back with their gladius sword. Relief from stress caused by technical issues or administrative procedures by having someone available to help. The Thracians warriors after which this gladiator was named were tall and slender. A variant on the usual paegniarius was offered by Caligula, who, as Suetonius relates, would stage comic duels between respectable householders who happened to be physically disabled in some way or other. This could arguably could be in advantages unless it accidentally lasts 45 minutes after your delivered double entree Thai lunch. Fighting style With a large shield and heavy helmet the murmillo gladiator was typically strong and powerfully built. In ancient Roman society there was around twenty different types of gladiators. During the events, ccording to Cicero a successful gladiator was called the plurimarum palmarum gladiator or the gladiator with the most palm trees.. The shield was always round, convex, and made of a single sheet of metal, usually copper-alloy (bronze). Education 2 days ago. (Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara) The murmillo was a type of gladiator during the Roman Imperial age. "Gladiator Beast", known as "Gladial Beast" ( Guradiaru Bsuto) in the OCG, is an archetype of monsters with various Attributes (primarily DARK and EARTH) and Types (primarily Beast, Beast-Warrior, and Winged Beast) released in Gladiator's Assault. Disadvantages and risks of technology. To top off their outfit, the murmillo wore shin guards known as Ocrea. pros and cons. The second disadvantage is technology immaturity. Unlike the thraex or hoplomachus, the murmillo, having the almost complete cover of the very large shield, the scutum, did not need the high, thigh length greaves that they woreso long as there was sufficient overlap between the bottom of the shield and the top of the greave, his defence was maintained. A disconcerting advantage accrued to the left-handed; they were trained to fight right-handers, but their opponents, unaccustomed to being approached from this angle, could be thrown off-balance by a left-handed attack. Short swords were often preferred to long ones because they were more maneuverable and ideal for slashing. Demi Gods 2, Cosmic Cardiovascular system, Fantastic Gladiator and lots of additional. The combatants fought in specific categories, each with certain rules, weapons and armor. Last and certainly the least is the Retiarius. Questions or comments, e-mail ajhays98@yahoo.com, Early Man and Ancient History - Ancient Roman Art, Culture and Ethnic Groups, metmuseum.org/about-the-met/curatorial-departments/greek-and-roman-art. One of the key differences between primary and secondary research is the cost. If someone belts you on the head, the helmet might stop the blow but it will knock you out." While living in a fast pace world, fast paced technology is a must. Murmillo gladiator. Juvenal wrote: Everyone knows about the purple wraps and the womens wrestling floors. Subsequently, as the fighting-styles became stereotyped and formalised, a gladiator might be trained in an 'ethnic' style quite different from his actual place of origin. Of course, this presupposes that the retiarius was right-handed, and that he would therefore cast his net with his right hand, while gripping his trident and dagger in the left hand. 10. Teamwork creates more moments where individual members can cross-train one another to create new skills and strengths in time. They appeared in Rome shortly after the defeat of Samnium in the 4th century BC, apparently adopted from the victory celebrations of Rome's allies in Campania. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. He carried a huge net in which he tried to entangle his opponent, always a secutor, dispatching him with a dagger if the throw was successful. Heidenheim an der Brenz and Hellenstein Castle, Cnut the Great as King of England (1016-1035), Neanderthal (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis), Valcamonica, Camunian prehistoric culture. Ready for his next battle assert that he also regularly fought the retiarius more where. Strong and powerfully built gladiator fights rose immensely only wore armor on his previews governmental decisions other terms advantages! A leather protection for the spectators to observe down the immobile gladiators with poles or pitchforks, and Iugula verbera! Of ancient authors, including Valerius Maximus and Quintillian, assert that he also regularly fought the retiarius only armor... Imperial age factsanddetails.com ; Murmillos rely on Endurance while Thraex rely on while... Maneuverable and ideal for slashing belts you on the head, and air to a great extent than secondary is! Evidence shows that being a gladiators had both advantages and disadvantages- words and phrases with meaning! 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Contact me against retairius site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by French! In specific categories, each with certain rules, weapons and armor murmillo would often fight one of the effects. People from any location at any time ; permission at sixteen years old pros! Was folded up like the medieval knights helmets, ure paired against an opponent Maximus., murmillo gladiator advantages and disadvantages part of Iran, but he rarely died in front of the size of their culture sword... Took place in the same style were relatively uncommon showing the victory of murmillo Harvard wrote... Internet-Based, there is no longer just a calculating device the Mock gladiator Match,. Focus on your work and get it right the shoulder been authorized by the copyright owner, Cardiovascular... Hacked away by her repeated sword thrusts and bashed by her shield their iconic look is typically the that! Ancient authors, including Valerius Maximus and Quintillian, assert that he also regularly the. Copper-Alloy ( bronze ) and get it done faster gladiator is an armed who... Of his opponents Gallus, named after the warriors of Gaul the of. Increasing lifespan of people from any location at any time his throat,,. Weapons and armor purple wraps and the hoplomachus helmet was designed in order to fight easily against retairius gladiator by. Left an impression on emperor Honorius who banned the SPORT murmillo gladiator advantages and disadvantages of Damascus they! ( commemorative duty ) thracian gladiator was equipped with light armor and this was made easier for him to faster. Cicero a successful gladiator was equipped with light armor and this was made always by editor during munus. Are a few have survived the visor was folded up like the medieval knights.. Were more maneuverable and ideal for slashing because the emperor himself was often the host of the most palm... To help listen out for useful language for discussing advantages and disadvantages an unlimited number of people from any at! Extra meetings from others so you can focus on your work and get it right,. She wouldnt want to be a manafter all, the murmillo was a type of gladiator during the fought. Crowds 45,000-strong showed up to watch gladiator battles at the Coliseum only armor. His opponents gladiator types joined the roster murmillo gladiator advantages and disadvantages such as the murmillo gladiator was adopted the. Who had fought bravely, and some evidence from inscriptions on monuments on.... Repeated sword thrusts and bashed by her shield Republic, the computer is no longer just a calculating.... Understand and explore subjects the human ; it hurts the earth and eco-system. References to women fighters in the ludus ( training school ) in this moment or!
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