We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Of this sort of change they are always strongly in favor. Here you will see men and women reared like swine for the market. [5] Many copies of one section of it, beginning in paragraph 32, have been circulated online. To honor Black History Month, as an introduction or review of rhetorical appeals and devices, or as a speech exemplar, this Frederick Douglass "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" rhetoric activity is a fabulous addition to any lesson. This home government, you know, although a considerable distance from your home, did, in the exercise of its parental prerogatives, impose upon its colonial children, such restraints, burdens and limitations, as, in its mature judgment, it deemed wise, right and proper. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. I hold that every American citizen has a fight to form an opinion of the constitution, and to propagate that opinion, and to use all honorable means to make his opinion the prevailing one. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. There is blasphemy in the thought. What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. He further says, the Constitution, in its words, is plain and intelligible, and is meant for the home-bred, unsophisticated understandings of our fellow-citizens. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. But I differ from those who charge this baseness on the framers of the Constitution of the United States. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. We are met on the threshold of our efforts for the redemption of the slave, by the church and ministry of the country, in battle arrayed against us; and we are compelled to fight or flee. Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. They are plain, common-sense rules, such as you and I, and all of us, can understand and apply, without having passed years in the study of law. 4th period Mrs. Landrew Fredrick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. That trade has long since been denounced by this government, as piracy. By that act, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated; New York has become as Virginia; and the power to hold, hunt, and sell men, women, and children as slaves remains no longer a mere state institution, but is now an institution of the whole United States. One of the biggest challenges we face in our present moment is building sustainable movements that fundamentally change peoples minds about race and racism. had I the ability, and could I reach the nations ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. Need I remind you that a similar thing is being done all over this country to-day? They have taught that man may, properly, be a slave; that the relation of master and slave is ordained of God; that to send back an escaped bondman to his master is clearly the duty of all the followers of the Lord Jesus Christ; and this horrible blasphemy is palmed off upon the world for Christianity.For my part, I would say, welcome infidelity! You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July | Historical Context The Colonial regime paved way for the transportation of slaves from different parts of the world, mostly from the African continent to work in southern states of America on cash crop plantations that generated a great source of income. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. I repeat, I am glad this is so. The Bible addresses all such persons as scribes, Pharisees, hypocrites, who pay tithe of mint, anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy and faith.But the church of this country is not only indifferent to the wrongs of the slave, it actually takes sides with the oppressors. In the end, Douglass wants to keep his hope and faith in humanity high. When you can point to any such laws, in reference to the beasts of the field, then I may consent to argue the manhood of the slave. The speech has since been published under the above title in The Frederick Douglass Papers, Series One, Vol. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. For black men there are neither law, justice, humanity, not religion. As with rivers so with nations. But now is the time, the important time. This act forced citizens to report people who had escaped their enslavement and escaped to a free state, under punishment of a fine or imprisonment. In order to put an end to it, some of these last have consented that their colored brethren (nominally free) should leave this country, and establish themselves on the western coast of Africa! Interview was lightly edited for clarity and length. Easel Activity. One small step toward understanding gravity, Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is. R, R. Raymond) on the platform, are shining examples; and let me say further, that upon these men lies the duty to inspire our ranks with high religious faith and zeal, and to cheer us on in the great mission of the slaves redemption from his chains.One is struck with the difference between the attitude of the American church towards the anti-slavery movement, and that occupied by the churches in England towards a similar movement in that country. He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. The oath of any two villains is sufficient, under this hell-black enactment, to send the most pious and exemplary black man into the remorseless jaws of slavery! He faults America for utter hypocrisy and betrayal of those values in maintaining the institution of slavery. I will not. To the slave, Douglass tells the audience, "your 4th of July is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license [for enslaving blacks] . He can bring no witnesses for himself. See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. This year is pretty challenging in the wake of COVID-19, and the event is going to be held online instead of before a live audience like we did last year. Follow the drove to New Orleans. They that can, may; I cannot. Douglass then pivots to the present, stating that "We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future". The sin of which it is guilty is one of omission as well as of commission. Before you read the speech you can follow these links to learn more about Douglass's life and the evolution of his thought in this period. It is carried on in all the large towns and cities in one-half of this confederacy; and millions are pocketed every year, by dealers in this horrid traffic. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. My soul sickens at the sight. Yea! They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. There was, at that time, a grand slave mart kept at the head of Pratt Street, by Austin Woldfolk. In this collection, students will review the life of Frederick Douglass and learn about one of his most famous speeches, "The Meaning of Fourth of July for the Negro" (it is also commonly referred to as "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July). During the Civil War, Douglass said that since Massachusetts had been the first state to join the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War, black men should go to Massachusetts to enlist in the Union Army. Were the nation older, the patriots heart might be sadder, and the reformers brow heavier. While I do not intend to argue this question on the present occasion, let me ask, if it be not somewhat singular that, if the Constitution were intended to be, by its framers and adopters, a slave-holding instrument, why neither slavery, slaveholding, nor slave can anywhere be found in it. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. There is consolation in the thought that America is young. But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. However, if slavery were abolished and equal rights given to all, that would no longer be the case. The manhood of the slave is conceded. Your broad republican domain is hunting ground for men. [27], In the United States, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in high school and college. Is slavery among them? Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. [3] In the address, Douglass states that positive statements about American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, were an offense to the enslaved population of the United States because they lacked those rights. Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. What will this years event be like? that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. The4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's history the very ringbolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destinyPride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetualremembrance. His agents were sent into every town and county in Maryland, announcing their arrival, through the papers, and on flaming hand-bills, headed CASH FOR NEGROES. This truth is not a doubtful one. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. What characteristics does he praise about them? In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. These men were generally well dressed men, and very captivating in their manners. Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery." Douglass spends the next part of his speech pre-empting some of the arguments . Long established customs of hurtful character could formerly fence themselves in, and do their evil work with social impunity. The anguish of my boyish heart was intense; and I was often consoled, when speaking to my mistress in the morning, to hear her say that the custom was very wicked; that she hated to hear the rattle of the chains, and the heart-rending cries. speaking of it relatively, and positively, negatively, and affirmatively. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke put together have done. You know what is a swine-drover? What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? There are exceptions, and I thank God that there are. "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? The Oratory of Fr. The duty to extirpate and destroy it, is admitted even by our DOCTORS OF DIVINITY. No nation can now shut itself up from the surrounding world, and trot round in the same old path of its fathers without interference. "[1][2] was a speech delivered by Frederick Douglass on July 5, 1852, at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York, at a meeting organized by the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society. Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nations jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs? In 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act had passed Congress as part of the broader Compromise of 1850. But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. What to the Slave is the Fourth of July by Frederick Douglass annotation? The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. If youre not a person of color, its one thing to go to a couple of events or protests, or to read a few articles and move on. The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. that he is the rightful owner of his own body? They perambulate the country, and crowd the highways of the nation, with droves of human stock. A worship that can be conducted by persons who refuse to give shelter to the houseless, to give bread to the hungry, clothing to the naked, and who enjoin obedience to a law forbidding these acts of mercy, is a curse, not a blessing to mankind. Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. To do so, would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding.There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him.What, am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to bum their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? or is it in the temple? The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. YOUR HANDS ARE FULL OF BLOOD; cease to do evil, learn to do well; seek judgment; relieve the oppressed; judge for the fatherless; plead for the widow.The American church is guilty, when viewed in connection with what it is doing to uphold slavery; but it is superlatively guilty when viewed in connection with its ability to abolish slavery. Albert Barnes but uttered what the common sense of every man at all observant of the actual state of the case will receive as truth, when he declared that There is no power out of the church that could sustain slavery an hour, if it were not sustained in it.Let the religious press, the pulpit, the Sunday school, the conference meeting, the great ecclesiastical, missionary, Bible and tract associations of the land array their immense powers against slavery and slave-holding; and the whole system of crime and blood would be scattered to the winds; and that they do not do this involves them in the most awful responsibility of which the mind can conceive.In prosecuting the anti-slavery enterprise, we have been asked to spare the church, to spare the ministry; but how, we ask, could such a thing be done? One of the parts of the speech that resonates with me the most is when Douglass says: What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 19:31. You have no right to wear out and waste the hard-earned fame of your fathers to cover your indolence. When a sufficient number have been collected here, a ship is chartered, for the purpose of conveying the forlorn crew to Mobile, or to New Orleans. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. No abuse, no outrage whether in taste, sport or avarice, can now hide itself from the all-pervading light. The British accomplished this through religion or more specifically, the church. My subject, then fellow-citizens, is AMERICAN SLAVERY. Read its preamble, consider its purposes. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? He argues that though the international slave trade is correctly decried as abhorrent, the people of the United States are far less vocal in their opposition to domestic slave trade. From Boston to London is now a holiday excursion. There is not time now to argue the constitutional question at length nor have I the ability to discuss it as it ought to be discussed. These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. A general shout would go up from the church, demanding repeal, repeal, instant repeal!And it would go hard with that politician who presumed to solicit the votes of the people without inscribing this motto on his banner. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will use the severest language I can command; and yet not one word shall escape me that any man, whose judgment is not blinded by prejudice, or who is not at heart a slaveholder, shall not confess to be right and just.But I fancy I hear some one of my audience say, it is just in this circumstance that you and your brother abolitionists fail to make a favorable impression on the public mind. GAZETTE: Why is it important to do this kind of community-building work at a local level? My business, if I have any here to-day, is with the present. one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour.Fellow-citizens! Read its preamble, consider its purposes. His own testimony is nothing. These rules are well established. Your fathers were wise men, and if they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment. Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. [28][29] The head of the organization responsible for the memorial speculated that it was vandalized in response to the removal of Confederate monuments in the wake of the George Floyd protests.[30]. I scout the idea that the question of the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of slavery is not a question for the people. It saps the foundation of religion; it makes your name a hissing, and a by word to a mocking earth. Is that a question for Republicans? Americans! In the solitude of my spirit, I see clouds of dust raised on the highways of the South; I see the bleeding footsteps; I hear the doleful wail of fettered humanity, on the way to the slave-markets, where the victims are to be sold like horses, sheep, and swine, knocked off to the highest bidder. ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. Everywhere, in this country, it is safe to speak of this foreign slave-trade, as a most inhuman traffic, opposed alike to the laws of God and of man. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. Not for thieves and robbers, enemies of society, merely, but for men guilty of no crime. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. It is, however, a notable fact that, while so much execration is poured out by Americans upon those engaged in the foreign slave-trade, the men engaged in the slave-trade between the states pass without condemnation, and their business is deemed honorable.Behold the practical operation of this internal slave-trade, the American slave-trade, sustained by American politics and America religion. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. [13] Although the import of people directly from Africa had been banned in 1807,[14] the domestic slave trade, still legal, was thriving. 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what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation