The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout Nayarit state. Responsibility for registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements, including amendments to their statutes, shifted to the Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center in November 2020 for the eight phase-one states. While penalties for conviction of forced labor were commensurate with those for similar crimes, very few cases were successfully prosecuted. Security experts said government candidate protection programs, which did not cover all those eligible, had a negligible impact on curbing political violence. In many states, police presence and emergency services are extremely limited outside the state capital or major cities. For the past two decades, criminal groups have violentlymeddled in Mexicos elections, particularly at the municipal and state level. The National Guard, like SEMAR and SEDENA, lacks an investigative authority. The law criminalizes sharing, distributing, and publishing intimate sexual content (including photographs, audio, and videos) featuring individuals who have not explicitly given their consent, with penalties of up to six years in prison. In July the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office issued the fourth arrest warrant for Roemer. Defendants have the right to a presumption of innocence and to a fair and public trial without undue delay. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. The INE requested information from all 32 states, reviewed a sample of 1,177 of the 6,962 federal deputy candidates, and canceled the registration of three candidates for filing false reports. Details of what bilateral cooperation will be preserved are supposed to emerge from the U.S.-Mexico working groups this month. If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the "cancel" message. The states with the most teenage pregnancies were Chiapas, Coahuila, and Guerrero, and Tabasco. Factors associated with maternal deaths included parents with lower levels of education, poor hospital infrastructure and human capacity, and lack of access to maternity care, especially for pregnant women living in rural areas. The Quintana Roo prosecutor general confirmed police officers used disproportionate force during the arrest. The government investigated and prosecuted some of these crimes, but the vast majority remained uninvestigated and unprosecuted. The pension was 2,550 pesos ($125) every two months. As of October the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case had arrested more than 80 suspects, including army captain Jose Martinez Crespo, an Iguala municipal police officer, and the Iguala municipal police chief. However, authorities often fail to investigate allegations of torture. According to a 2017 INEGI survey, the most recent information available, 12 percent of women were illegally asked to take a pregnancy test as a prerequisite to being hired. The CABs were widely alleged to administer these elections with a bias against new, independent unions. In one such program I encountered in Michoacn, for example, teenagers were paid by the government to receive training as hairdressers while the hairdressers were paid for the teaching. The 2022 outlook for both the rule of law and public safety in Mexico and meaningful U.S.-Mexico security cooperation remains bleak, writes Vanda Felbab-Brown as she discusses her findings from recently spending several weeks in various parts of Mexico researching the evolution of crime and security policies. In October and November, I spent several weeks in various parts of Mexico researching the evolution of crime and security policies. Impunity and extremely low rates of prosecution remained a problem for all crimes, including human rights abuses and corruption. Prisons are notoriously unsanitary and overcrowded. Violent crime, extortion, and gang activity are widespread in Zacatecas state. The attorney general never properly implemented a 2018 reform intended to make the office more independent from the government and more accountable to victims and their families, human rights and rule-of-law groups report. The CNDH reported that assailants killed 12 human rights defenders from January to July. The states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, plus Mexico City, accounted for 76 percent of reported disappearances from 2018 to June 30. Increased crime levels and reports of incidents lead the U.S. to review its guidance for travel to Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. Violent crime and gang activity are common. Women tended to earn substantially less than men did for the same work. Other ways to share Politicians publicly discredited and criticized such journalists, however. The law also provides for the rights of appeal and of bail in most categories of crimes. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. The CNDHs 2020 National Diagnostic of Penitentiary Supervision reported that state prisons were understaffed and suffered from poor sanitary conditions as well as a lack of separation between those sentenced and those awaiting trial. According to the Center for Economic Research and Teaching, most criminal suspects did not receive representation until after their first custody hearing, thus making individuals vulnerable to coercion to sign false statements prior to appearing before a judge. The plan is insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5C, according to the Climate Action Tracker. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. The Lpez Obrador administration has been illegally expelling thousands of asylum seekers to Guatemala without due process, including many who were first expelled from the US into the custody of Mexican authorities. Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. Federal funding assisted the operation of more than 69 shelters, external attention centers, emergency houses, and transition houses. The government did not effectively enforce the law. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. In June media outlets reported that a fight between two rival groups of inmates left six inmates dead and nine wounded at a prison in Villahermosa, Tabasco. The reforms also establish an expedited and more transparent judicial process for unions to obtain collective bargaining rights. In 2018, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of a transgender person from Veracruz who contended that in refusing to change their name and gender marker on their birth certificate, the municipal Civil Registry had violated their rights. Employees traveling to Manzanillo from Guadalajara must use Federal Toll Road 54D during daylight hours. Despite a 2017 injunction issued by a state district judge to prevent further grave abuses at the institution, the CNDH reported state authorities failed to supervise the conditions at Ciudad de los Ninos. Online discrimination, harassment, and threats were problems particularly for women journalists and politicians, as well as any individuals and organizations advocating for womens rights. Several indigenous communities brought legal actions to oppose the construction, many of which were dismissed or denied. On June 19, a dispute between factions of the Gulf cartel killed 15 persons in the state of Tamaulipas. Additionally, the INE introduced quotas to promote minority representation, requiring political parties to nominate a certain number of candidates belonging to minority groups, including from indigenous, Afro-Mexican, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) communities, as well as persons with disabilities. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Yucatan state, which include tourist areas in:Chichen Itza,Merida,Uxmal, andValladolid. Sanchez was a reporter for Facebook-based Panorama Pacifico and was in the protection mechanism after suffering an attempt on his life in July 2020. There were credible reports that members of security forces committed some abuses. 252 Sharp Street, Cooma, NSW, 2630. old corner campsite fall creek falls. Although authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces, there were instances in which security force elements acted independently of civilian control. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Section 1. Of all children, 7.1 percent, or two million, were younger than the minimum age of work or worked under conditions that violated federal labor law, such as performing hazardous work. Pretrial Detention: Lengthy pretrial detention was a problem, and authorities did not always promptly release those detained unlawfully. The COVID-19 pandemic generated additional risks and exacerbated vulnerabilities for IDPs, including overcrowding in shelters and difficulty accessing food, basic health care, and education. Travelers should remain on main highways and avoid remote locations. Indigenous persons in isolated regions reported incidents of forced labor in which cartel members forced them to perform illicit activities or face death. These include high-traffic tourism areas of border and coastal communities, such asTijuana,Ensenada, andRosarito. The midterm elections, the largest in the countrys history due to the record number of more than 20,000 offices up for election, had a 52 percent turnout, a record for a nonpresidential election. The increase in domestic violence cases that began during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic continued. Institutionalized Children: Civil society groups expressed concern regarding abuse of children with mental and physical disabilities in orphanages, migrant centers, and care facilities. In that month, the cases of domestic violence amounted to around 22,750. Journalists could criticize the government and discuss matters of general interest with no restrictions. While the Supreme Court upheld the provisions, it noted the need for authorities to obtain a judicial warrant to access user metadata. . Violent crime is widespread. Defendants have the right to free assistance of an interpreter, if needed, although interpretation and translation services for indigenous languages were not always available. Violence by organized criminal groups often prompted the incidents, which took place in 10 states and displaced 11,560 persons as of August. Google received more removal requests from government agents in 2020 than in any other year except 2014. Between January and April the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Electoral Crimes in the Attorney Generals Office initiated 14 investigations related to gender-based political violence against women. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. The armed forces operated a military justice system to hold human rights abusers accountable. Most indigenous persons lived in marginalized communities, and the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally affected these communities, according to the OHCHR. In March 2020 a federal judge issued an arrest warrant for Zeron on charges related to his conduct of the investigation, including torturing alleged perpetrators to force confessions, conducting forced disappearances, altering the crime scene, manipulating evidence, and failing to perform his duties. Exercise increased caution due to crime and kidnapping. Womens rights activists supported the law as critical to combat the increasingly prevalent problem of online sexual harassment. In addition to shelters, womens justice centers provided services including legal, psychological, and protective; however, the number of cases far surpassed institutional capacity. In Chiapas in July an unidentified perpetrator killed Simon Pedro Perez Lopez, a human rights activist and member of the Las Abejas de Acteal civil society organization. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. Some employers attempted to influence bargaining-rights elections through the illegal hiring of temporary or fake employees immediately prior to the election to vote for the company-controlled union. Travel on Highway 5 is permissible during daylight hours. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. As of August 27, there were no updates in this investigation. U.S. government employees may not travel between cities after dark, may not hail taxis on the street, and must rely on dispatched vehicles, including app-based services like Uber, and regulated taxi stands. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Veracruz state. No wonder, the effective prosecution rate for homicides in Mexico continues to hover around 2%. Reductions in fighting, such as in Michoacns Apatzingn or Guerreros Acapulco where I conducted fieldwork, occurs mainlybecause a particular group or criminal alliance manages to establish temporary territorial control, a narcopeace: be it Crteles Unidos in that part of theTierra Caliente,or Caro Quinteros and Los Chapitos branches of the Sinaloa Cartel in high-value extortion and drug trafficking in Acapulco. Institutionalized persons with disabilities often lacked adequate medical care and rehabilitation services, privacy, and clothing; they often ate, slept, and bathed in unhygienic conditions. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and authorities generally enforced the law. He fled to Israel, and the government requested that the Israeli government issue an arrest warrant and extradite him. At all levels, police reform has mostly stalled. This requirement was not followed in all cases, particularly in remote areas of the country. The STPS is responsible for carrying out child labor inspections and refers cases of child labor to the Prosecutor Generals Office for sanctions. Flores received temporary protection from the Interior Secretariat protection mechanism. U.S. government employees should avoid traveling alone, especially in remote areas. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. From January through September 2021, the Mexico Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights reported 10 human rights defenders killed. There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Durango state. In 2012, the federal government established the Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, which provides bodyguards, armored cars, and panic buttons, and helps journalists temporarily relocate in response to serious threats. Stress in America 2022: Concerned for the Future, Beset by Inflation, shows a battered American psyche, facing a barrage of external stressors that are mostly out of personal control. The law establishes a requirement to observe parity in the designation of public officials at every level (federal, state, local) in all three branches of government. The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and other humanitarian organizations in providing protection and assistance to refugees, returning refugees, or asylum seekers, as well as other persons of concern. Workers argued that the protectionist union holding the collective bargaining agreement pressured workers to legitimize the agreement, offered bribes, and tampered with ballots. This represented an increase of 11 percent of children from the 2017 INEGI survey. Criminal activity and violence may occur in any location, at any time, including in popular tourist destinations. Only 7.5 percent of the members of the executive boards of publicly traded domestic companies were female, and men held 64 percent of managerial positions throughout the country. The Federal Center also carries out mandatory pre-judicial conciliations at the federal level, with local conciliation centers carrying out the same function at the state level. There were reports of journalists practicing self-censorship due to threats from criminal groups and government officials. In July unknown assailants abducted and killed Aranza Ramos in the state of Sonora. Authorities sometimes failed to respect court orders, and arrest warrants were sometimes ignored. Also see the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. Two of the . Justice in Mexico releases 2021 Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico Report October 22, 2021 10/22/21- (written by rramos)- Justice in Mexico has released the third edition of Organized Crime and Violence in Mexico, coordinated by Laura Y. Caldern, Kimberly Heinle, Rita E. Kuckertz, Octavio Rodrguez Ferreira, and David A. Shirk. By law a union may call for a strike or bargain collectively in accordance with its own statutes. 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico, An official website of the United States Government, https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases, https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods. Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) Exercise Increased Caution. The CNDH may take on cases from state-level commissions if it receives a complaint that the state commission has not adequately investigated the case. Nayarit state Exercise Increased Caution. Areas of violent contestation, such as Zacatecas or San Luis Potos, can become almost anarchical with violence. The law mandates that all discrimination cases, including sexual harassment, bypass formerly mandatory conciliation and proceed directly to the labor courts. In June President Lopez Obrador announced that forensic scientists at the University of Innsbruck conclusively identified the remains of Jhosivani Guerrero, marking the third body identified of the 43 disappeared students. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. By law attorneys are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant. Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. Many suffered abuses from criminal cartels or Mexican authorities. Discrimination: The law provides women the same legal status and rights as men and equal pay for equal work performed in equal jobs, hours of work, and conditions of efficiency. The law establishes penalties for discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, color, religion, language, pregnancy, political belief, or any other nature that violates human dignity. Share this via Twitter Labor recruiters enticed families to work during harvests with verbal promises of decent wages and a good standard of living. Between August 23 and August 27, hundreds of migrants from Haiti, Cuba, and Central America protested in front of the National Migration Institute offices in Tapachula, Chiapas, to demand expedited refugee proceedings that would allow them to move freely throughout the country. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Queretaro state. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence, a. Figueroa collaborated with criminal organizations to kidnap the prosecutor general of Ixtapan de la Sal, state of Mexico, and others in 2019, resulting in the death of one of the prosecutor generals bodyguards. In-country Movement: There were numerous instances of armed groups limiting the movements of migrants, including by threats and acts of kidnapping, extortion, and homicide. the U.S. Mission to Mexico was quick to assert safety levels in the region were compromised, . The survey found a majority of adults are disheartened . Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. The National Council to Prevent Discriminations 2017 national survey on discrimination found 58 percent of Afro-Mexicans and 65 percent of indigenous persons considered their rights were respected little or not at all. The survey also reported 22 percent of persons said they would not share a household with an Afro-Mexican. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Also in June a federal judge sentenced the former mayor of Chinipas, Chihuahua, Hugo Amed Schultz Alcaraz, to eight years in prison for his role in the 2017 murder of Miroslava Breach, a prominent La Jornada newspaper correspondent who reported on organized crime and corruption. But the size of the decline is just noise in the tempo of Mexicos criminal violence. State and federal prosecutors are independent of the executive branch and have the final authority to investigate and prosecute security force abuses. In August 2021, hurricanes Grace and Nora caused flooding, landslides, and power outages in multiple states, killing at least nine people. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. There were reports of numerous forced disappearances by organized crime groups, sometimes with allegations of state collusion with authorities. You can interactively filter the municipios shown on the map based on their homicide rates by using the histogram widget in the . According to civil society organizations, up to 3,250 persons, mostly women and children from indigenous communities, were forcibly displaced in July in Chenalho and Pantelho, Chiapas, due to territorial disputes between armed groups. San Luis Potos, SLP.- San Luis Potos is the second most dangerous city in the country, according to the National Victimization Survey on Public Safety (Envipe) 2021, carried out by INEGI. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. The government approved the National Work and Employment Program for People with Disabilities 2021-2024, aimed at strengthening labor inclusion of persons with disabilities and supporting the employment of persons with disabilities in decent work. In June unknown assailants killed Javier Barajas Pina in the state of Guanajuato. Mexicos asylum system is severely overstretched. NGOs reported authorities had not implemented programs for community integration. In October 2020 the Electoral Tribunal granted registration to three new political parties: Solidary Encounter Party, Progressive Social Networks, and Social Force for Mexico. Some detainees complained of a lack of access to family members and to counsel after police held persons incommunicado for several days and made arrests arbitrarily without a warrant. But what I heard from interlocutors in Mexico wasa most problematic vision of the U.S. Mexico Bicentennial Framework by the Mexican government namely, that the United States should only take care of its own territory by reducing drug demand and retail in the United States and the flows of drug money and weapons to Mexico, while Mexico will do whatever it wants, without U.S. input, in Mexico. The NGO Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights identified 15 incidents between January and July of mass forced internal displacement (defined as the displacement of at least 10 families or 50 individuals) due to violence. - It's been estimated that 18% of all prisoners in Mexico City have lived in Iztapalapa. Forced internal displacement disproportionally affected indigenous communities. According to the Interior Secretariat, between 2018 and July assailants killed seven journalists and two defenders under protection of the mechanism. Federal law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court; however, the government sometimes failed to observe these requirements. The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in many areas of Mexico, as travel by U.S. government employees to certain areas is prohibited or restricted. Nonetheless, NGOs and media reported on sexual exploitation of minors, as well as child sex tourism in resort towns and northern border areas. 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